Washing Machine Error Codes: Meaning, Causes, and Fixes (Complete Guide)

A washing machine drains by pumping used water out of the drum, through a drain hose, and into your home’s plumbing.

If anything in that path is blocked—or if the pump or a safety sensor fails—water may stay in the tub after the cycle ends. This can happen in both top-load and front-load washers. Most of the time, the cause is simple: a clogged filter, a kinked hose, or a small blockage.

In fact, you can solve about 90% of these problems with a little DIY know-how. 

This guide explains what’s the cause of the washer won’t drain and how to get your washer draining again.

What are the Signs of a Washer Drainage Problem?

Sometimes the signs are obvious, like water sitting in the drum after the cycle ends. But other symptoms are more subtle. You might notice:

• Sopping wet clothes: The machine finishes, but your garments are still heavy with water.

• Strange noises: You may hear gurgling sounds or a loud humming during the drain phase.

• Mid-cycle stops: The washer simply stops working before it gets to the spin cycle.

• Error codes: Modern machines will show you errors with letters and numbers like "OE," "5E," or "F21" to tell you something is wrong.

• Bad smells: If water sits too long, you might notice a musty odor in your washer (or even a burning smell if the pump is straining).

Washer Machine Errors That Signal Drainage Issues

Washing machines use error codes to tell you where it hurts. While every brand is different, here are the common ones for drainage:

• Samsung: Look for "5E" or "5C".

• LG: You will see "OE".

• Whirlpool: Usually flashes "F21" or "F02".

• Bosch: Uses "E18" or "F18".

• Miele: Displays "F11".

If you see these error codes in your washer, you can start by fixing the drainage issue by yourself by following the below steps:

The Most Common Causes of Washing Machine Drainage Failure

Understanding the "why" is the first step to the "how." Here are the main causes of washing machine won’t drain:

1. The Clogged Pump Filter

This is the number one cause of drainage issues, responsible for roughly 60% of cases. The filter is there to catch small items like coins, buttons, hairpins, and lint before they reach the pump. Over time, these items build up and block the flow of water.

2. Blocked or Kinked Drain Hose

The drain hose is the pipe that carries dirty water out of the machine. If it is bent, twisted, or crushed against the wall, the water cannot escape. Sometimes, small items like socks or heavy lint buildup can also clog the inside of the hose.

3. "Suds Lock" from Too Much Soap

Using too much detergent, or the wrong kind, is a common mistake. High-efficiency (HE) machines need very little soap. If you use too much, it creates an overflow of bubbly suds that can get into the pipes and stop the pump from working properly.

4. Unbalanced Loads

If you wash a single heavy item, like a rug or a large blanket, it can clump to one side of the drum. When the machine detects this imbalance, it may lower the spin speed or stop entirely to prevent damage. This leaves your clothes soaking wet.

5. Mechanical and Electrical Faults

If the filters and hoses are clear, the issue might be internal hardware. This includes a broken drain pump, a loose drive belt, or a faulty lid switch. On top-loaders, if the machine thinks the lid is open, it will refuse to drain or spin.

How to Fix Washer Won’t Drain Issue Yourself?

Step 1: Get the Water Out

⚠️ Do this first: Unplug the washer and turn off the water supply.

There are three manual methods you can use to get the water out of your washer:

Option 1: Use the Emergency Drain Hose (Best Method)

1. Open the small access panel at the bottom front of the washer.

2. Find the small emergency drain hose.

3. Place a shallow tray/bowl under the hose.

4. Pull the hose out carefully and remove the cap/plug.

5. Drain slowly into the tray, emptying as needed until the flow stops.

6. Replace the cap, return the hose, and close the panel.

Option 2: Drain by Gravity Using the Main Drain Hose

1. Find the large corrugated drain hose (usually at the back).

2. Pull the hose out of the standpipe/laundry drain.

3. Lower the end into a bucket on the floor.

4. Let gravity drain the water. Empty the bucket as needed.

5. Put the hose back into the standpipe when finished.

Option 3: Scoop Water Out of the Drum (Last Resort)

1. If you can, tilt the washer slightly back so water stays away from the door.

2. Open the door carefully.

3. Scoop water out using a jug/ladle/cup into a bucket or sink.

4. Repeat until the drum is empty enough to continue troubleshooting.

Once the washer is empty, follow these steps in order. Most drain issues are caused by a clogged filter, a kinked hose, or a blocked standpipe.

Step 2: Check and Clean the Drain Filter

1. Locate the filter door at the bottom front of the washer.

2. Put down a towel and a shallow pan to catch spills.

3. Slowly unscrew the filter counterclockwise (lefty-loosey).

4. Remove debris (coins, nails, hair, etc.).

5. Check the impeller (small fan blades) inside the housing—make sure it spins freely and isn’t jammed.

Step 3: Inspect the Drain Hose (Kinks, Clogs, and Height)

1. Pull the washer away from the wall.

2. Straighten any kinks or sharp bends. Replace the hose if it’s crushed.

3. If you suspect a clog, disconnect the hose and flush it (outside with a garden hose works well).

4. Verify hose height: the top of the hose should be 60–100 cm from the floor.

   • Too low: water can siphon back into the washer.

   • Too high: the pump may struggle to push water out.

Step 4:  Check the Household Drain / Standpipe

Sometimes the washer is fine—the plumbing is blocked.

• If the washer drains into a sink connection, check the spigot for grease/food buildup.

• Check the standpipe: if it’s backed up, the washer can’t empty into it.

• Try a plumbing snake. (Baking soda + vinegar may help minor odor/buildup, but it won’t clear a solid clog.)

Advanced DIY: Going Under the Machine

If you have checked the filter and the hose but the machine still won't drain, you may need to look at the sump hose or the pump itself. This is for more experienced DIYers.

1. Ensure the machine is unplugged and fully drained.

2. Tip the machine: Carefully lean the washer onto its side or back (you may need a friend to help).

3. Check the sump hose: This is the thick hose that goes from the bottom of the drum to the pump. Use vice grips to undo the clips and check for trapped items like socks or heavy debris.

4. Inspect the pump: Look for physical damage like cracks. Sometimes a single small nail can get stuck in the pump and stop it from spinning. If the motor runs but nothing happens, or if the pump makes a loud grinding noise, it may be burnt out and need replacement.

What To Do If It Still Won’t Drain?

• Listen for the pump: if you hear humming but no draining, the pump may be jammed or failing.

• If the washer trips the breaker or smells hot: stop and call a technician.

How to Prevent Future Clogs? 

Maintenance is much cheaper than repair. Follow these simple tips to keep your machine running smoothly:

• Empty your pockets: This is the most important rule. Check for coins, tissues, and hairpins every single time.

• Use the right detergent: Use High-Efficiency (HE) soap and follow the dose on the bottle. Most loads only need one or two tablespoons.
  📖 Read more about: Everything You Need to Know About Washer Detergents

• Clean the filter regularly: Do not wait for a problem. Clean your pump filter every 3 to 4 months.

• Monthly cleaning cycle: Run a hot water cycle with no clothes once a month. You can add white vinegar to help break down soap buildup.

• Don't overload: Sticking to the recommended load size protects the motor and the drive belt from extra strain.

When Should You Call a Professional?

While you can fix many things yourself, some situations require an expert technician. You should call for help if:

• Persistent errors: The error code keeps coming back after you have cleaned everything.

• Electrical issues: You see sparks, smell burning, or the machine keeps tripping your circuit breaker.

• Water leaks: You notice significant leaks from the internal tub or main valves.

• Unusual noises: Loud grinding or clicking sounds often mean the motor or pump hardware has failed.

Need an inspection or repair for your washer?

👉 Need a washing machine diagnostic or repair? Call +18885085008 or book an expert with Fred’s Appliance Repair.

👉 Service areas: Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham, Cary, and Knoxville (North Carolina and Tennessee).

We all want our laundry to come out smelling fresh and looking spotless. It is natural to think that if your clothes are extra dirty, adding a little more soap will do a better job.

However, the truth might surprise you. Using too much detergent, or using the wrong kind, can lead to expensive repairs and ruined wardrobes.

Can Laundry Detergent Damage a Washing Machine?

Yes, laundry detergent can absolutely damage your washing machine if it is not used correctly. When you use too much detergent, it creates an overflow of suds. These bubbly suds can get into pipes and hoses, leading to clogs that prevent the machine from draining properly.

One of the most serious issues involves a part called the "drum spider" or aluminum support. Excess suds can reach this support and cause it to rust. Because the spider stabilizes the drum, a rusty or damaged one forces the motor to work much harder to compensate, which can lead to a total motor failure over time.

Additionally, detergent residue traps moisture, creating a breeding ground for mold and mildew in the outer drum and rubber gaskets, which is why many machines develop a foul, musty smell.

Can Too Much Detergent Ruin Clothes?

Ironically, using extra detergent often makes your clothes dirtier. Too many suds create a slippery layer on the fabric that prevents the friction needed to rub off stains. Instead of being washed away, dirt and bacteria get trapped in the excess soap and settle back into the fibers.

Over time, this build-up can ruin your favorite outfits in several ways:

• Stiff fabrics: Clothes may feel hard, stiff, or "greasy" to the touch.

• Discoloration: You might notice white spots, streaks, or a dingy, faded appearance caused by a film of residue.

• Skin irritation: Detergent trapped in the fibers can cause rashes, itchiness, or allergic reactions like contact dermatitis.

• Odors: Odor-causing bacteria can linger in the soap film, especially on synthetic exercise gear, making clothes smell musky even after they are "clean".

👉 Front-Loading Washing Machine Stinks? Here Are the Reasons and How to Clear Up the Smell

Can You Put Detergent in the Washing Machine?

It is perfectly okay—and necessary—to put detergent in your washing machine, but how you do it matters. Most modern machines, especially front-loaders and high-efficiency (HE) models, are designed to work with very small amounts of concentrated soap. For a standard load, you may only need one to two tablespoons of detergent.

The best practice is to use the detergent dispenser tray. The machine is programmed to flush this tray with water at the right time, mixing the soap thoroughly before it hits your clothes. If you prefer to put detergent directly into the drum, it is best to add it before the laundry. This ensures it mixes with the water immediately and prevents the concentrated dyes in some soaps from staining your clothes.

By measuring your soap carefully and choosing the right type—such as HE detergent for HE machines—you can keep your appliance running smoothly for years while ensuring your clothes stay soft and bright.

Powder vs Liquid Detergent: Which One Should You Use?

Choosing between powder and liquid detergent depends on your washer, water temperature, and stain type.

Pick by machine

• Front-load/HE washers: Use HE detergent (powder or liquid) to avoid extra suds and residue.

• Top-load washers: Either type works; HE is still a good choice for newer models.

When liquid is better

• Dissolves well in cold or hot water

• Great for pre-treating stains

• Less likely to leave residue on dark clothes

• Easier to over-pour, so measure carefully

When powder is better

• Strong for mud and heavy dirt

• Can work well in hard water (often with a booster)

• May leave white flakes in cold washes and can clump if the drawer is damp

Bottom line: Use the right dose. Too much of either can cause buildup, rinsing issues, and odors.

Does Liquid Detergent Damage Washing Machines?

Liquid detergent won’t damage your washing machine by itself. But using too much of it, or using the wrong kind like non-HE detergent in an HE washer can cause problems. Extra soap can leave buildup, create mold and bad odors, and clog the drain. Over time, this can strain the pump and motor and lead to costly damage.

What Can Ruin a Washing Machine?

While detergent is a major factor, several other habits can ruin your appliance. Overloading the machine is one of the most common mistakes; it puts extreme stress on the motor and prevents clothes from moving freely.

Neglecting regular maintenance can also lead to a breakdown. For example, washing machine hoses should be inspected monthly for cracks or leaks and replaced every three to five years to prevent water damage. Clogged lint filters and drainage holes in the door gasket can also cause the machine to malfunction or leak. Even failing to leave the door open between cycles can ruin the machine’s freshness by encouraging mold growth.

How to Tell If Your Machine Has Detergent Buildup?

Detergent buildup often shows up first as sticky residue or a musty smell in the dispenser, drum, or rubber door seal. You may also notice too many suds during the wash or soap bubbles left on the door after the cycle ends. On laundry, buildup can leave clothes stiff, scratchy, spotty, or still smelly even after washing. If buildup gets worse, the washer may run longer, make odd noises, or leak because it can’t rinse properly.

Need an inspection or repair for your washer?

If your clothes still smell, you see residue in the drum or dispenser, or your washer is leaking or running longer than normal, the problem may be more than too much detergent. It could be buildup in the drain system, a clogged filter, a worn door seal, or a pump issue. To prevent mold, poor cleaning, and costly damage, it’s best to have a pro take a look.

👉 Need a washing machine diagnostic or repair? Call +18885085008 or book an expert with Fred’s Appliance Repair.

👉Service areas: Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham, Cary, and Knoxville (North Carolina and Tennessee).

Your refrigerator is likely the most hardworking appliance in your home, running 24 hours a day, 365 days a year to keep your food safe and fresh. While it usually sits quietly in the corner, a breakdown can turn your life upside down in just a few hours, leading to spoiled milk, ruined produce, and a very expensive mess. 

Because modern refrigerators are complex machines with delicate sensors and intricate cooling systems, they require a little bit of regular maintenance to stay at peak performance.

By spending just a few minutes every month on basic refrigerator maintenance, you can save money on energy bills, extend the lifespan of your appliance, and avoid the stress of sudden breakdowns.

Here is a comprehensive guide on how to treat your refrigerator like the kitchen hero it is.

Tips to Take Care of Your Refrigerator

1. Set the Right Refrigerator Temperature

Start with temperature settings, because they affect both food safety and energy efficiency. Keep your refrigerator at 4°C (37°F–40°F) and your freezer at -18°C (0°F). If the temperature is too low, your fridge wastes electricity. If it’s too high, bacteria can grow and food spoils faster.

If your fridge has a basic dial and you’re unsure whether it’s accurate, a small refrigerator thermometer can help you confirm the real temperature.

2. Keep Airflow Clear Inside the Fridge

Cold air must move freely to cool every shelf evenly. When vents are blocked, your refrigerator has to work harder to maintain the same temperature, which can lead to uneven cooling and higher energy bills.

Avoid pushing large items directly against the back wall or in front of airflow vents. Even simple changes—like leaving a little space between containers—can improve circulation and prevent warm spots.

3. Leave Space Behind the Refrigerator

Your refrigerator releases heat as it runs, and it needs room to “breathe.” If it’s pressed tightly against the wall, heat can build up and stress the cooling system.

Leave at least 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) between the back of the refrigerator and the wall. Keeping this area clear helps the appliance release heat efficiently and reduces the risk of overheating.

📖 You might also like to read: Common Mistakes with New Appliances: A Guide for Homeowners

4. Keep the Refrigerator Level So the Door Seals Properly

A fridge that leans slightly can cause the door to close poorly, which lets cold air leak out. Even a small gap can increase power usage and cause temperature problems.

You can check the level by placing a simple level tool on a shelf inside the fridge. If needed, adjust the feet at the bottom until the refrigerator sits evenly. A level fridge usually runs quieter too, because the door closes more naturally.

5. Clean and Protect the Door Seal (Gasket)

The door gasket is the rubber seal around the door. It keeps cold air in and warm air out, which makes it a key part of proper fridge maintenance. When the gasket is dirty, cracked, or loose, your refrigerator may run longer than it should, and your electricity bill may climb.

A quick way to test the seal is the coin test. Close the refrigerator door on a coin and gently pull. If the coin slides out easily, the gasket may not be sealing well. To keep the seal working properly, wipe it weekly using warm water and mild soap, then dry it. This prevents sticky buildup and helps the rubber stay flexible.

Also, try not to leave the door open while deciding what to eat. Every extra second lets cold air escape and forces the appliance to work harder to cool down again.

6. Clean the Condenser Coils Twice a Year

If you want one “high impact” task for refrigerator care, this is it. Condenser coils release heat during cooling, and when they get covered in dust or pet hair, your fridge loses efficiency. That makes the compressor work harder, which can shorten the appliance’s lifespan.

Most coils are located on the back or bottom of the refrigerator. Unplug the unit, then use a vacuum or coil brush to remove the buildup. Doing this twice a year is a simple way to improve performance and reduce energy use.

7. Defrost the Freezer When Ice Builds Up

If your freezer is not frost-free, ice buildup can block airflow and reduce cooling power. When the frost reaches around 7 mm (¼ inch), it’s time to defrost your freezer.

Turn off the freezer, move food into a cooler, and let the ice melt naturally. Never use sharp metal tools to scrape ice because you can damage the interior walls or puncture something important. A plastic scraper or a wooden spoon is much safer.

8. Store Food in a Way That Helps Your Fridge Work Better

Smart food storage supports better airflow and reduces moisture inside the fridge. This improves cooling consistency and helps prevent smells from spreading.

Try to keep leftovers in sealed containers, and cover foods that release strong odors. This reduces humidity and keeps the refrigerator interior cleaner, which helps your appliance maintain stable temperature more easily.

9. Protect Your Refrigerator from Power Surges

Modern refrigerators rely on electronic control boards, and sudden voltage spikes can cause expensive damage. A good surge protector designed for appliances can prevent unexpected failures and protect your investment.

This is especially helpful in areas with unstable power or frequent outages.

10. Follow the 24-Hour Rule After Moving a Refrigerator

If you just transported a refrigerator, don’t plug it in immediately. During movement, the compressor oil can shift away from where it needs to be. Let the unit stand upright for 24 hours before turning it on, so everything settles correctly.

This one step can prevent long-term compressor issues.

11. Register Your Warranty for Faster Support

Warranty registration takes only a few minutes, but it can save you stress later. Register your fridge online and keep your model and serial number stored somewhere easy to find. If there’s ever a recall or major repair issue, you’ll be ready, and support is usually faster.

When to Call a Professional for a Refrigerator?

While you can safely handle cleaning and filter replacements, some issues are dangerous to tackle alone. You should call a certified technician for refrigerator inspection or repair if you notice:

1. Electrical issues: Visible sparks, a burning smell, or frequently tripped breakers.

2. Unusual noises: Loud grinding, vibrating, or clicking sounds.

3. Leaks: Standing water or refrigerant leaks near the unit.

4. Cooling failure: If the compressor won't start or the temperature remains inconsistent despite cleaning the coils.

Hiring a professional ensures an accurate diagnosis, protects your manufacturer's warranty, and—most importantly—keeps you safe from high-voltage electricity and pressurized gases

Need an inspection or repair for your refrigerator?

If your fridge isn’t cooling properly, is leaking water, or keeps making loud noises, the issue may be more than a simple setting or dirty coil. It could be a failing compressor, a faulty thermostat, a clogged drain line, or a bad door seal. To avoid spoiled food and bigger repair costs, it’s best to have a pro check it.

👉 Need a refrigerator diagnostic or repair? Call +18885085008 or book an expert with Fred’s Appliance Repair.

👉 Service areas: Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham, Cary, and Knoxville (North Carolina and Tennessee).